قطعاً من الليل مظلما Pieces of the night, dark
قال تعالي
﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَسَبُوا السَّيِّئَاتِ جَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ بِمِثْلِهَا وَتَرْهَقُهُمْ ذِلَّةٌ مَا لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ عَاصِمٍ كَأَنَّمَا أُغْشِيَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ قِطَعًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مُظْلِمًا أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ يونس ٢١
والذين عملوا السيئات في الدنيا فكفروا وعصَوا الله لهم جزاء أعمالهم السيئة التي عملوها بمثلها من عقاب الله في الآخرة، وتغشاهم ذلَّة وهوان، وليس لهم مِن عذاب الله مِن مانع يمنعهم إذا عاقبهم، كأنما أُلبست وجوههم طائفة من سواد الليل المظلم. هؤلاء هم أهل النار ماكثون فيها أبدًا
إطلالة علمية حول الآية الكريمة
أنواع ظلام الليل: من غروب الشمس إلى شروقه
Allah says
﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَسَبُوا السَّيِّئَاتِ جَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ بِمِثْلِهَا وَتَرْهَقُهُمْ ذِلَّةٌ مَا لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ عَاصِمٍ كَأَنَّمَا أُغْشِيَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ قِطَعًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مُظْلِمًا أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ يونس ٢١
Those who committed evil deeds in this world, disbelieving and disobeying God, will receive the recompense for their evil actions in the Hereafter, and they will be enveloped in humiliation and disgrace. Nothing will protect them from God's punishment when He punishes them, as if their faces were covered with a layer of the darkest night. These are the inhabitants of Hell, abiding therein forever.
A Scientific Overview of the Noble Verse
The types of Nighttime Darkness: From Sunset to Sunrise
1. Sunset: The Beginning of Twilight
Sunset refers to the moment when the sun disappears below the horizon. Although it has set, its light still illuminates the sky, giving it a warm glow. This initial phase often attracts photographers and sunset enthusiasts, as the colors range from pale pink to fiery orange. The Earth's atmosphere scatters sunlight, creating these vibrant hues.
Duration: Varies depending on the season and location.
2. Civil Twilight: The Fading of Daylight
Civil twilight begins immediately after sunset and is the first stage of twilight. During this time, the sun is between 0° and 6° below the horizon, and there is still enough light for outdoor activities without the need for artificial lighting. It is a crucial time for many animals, as daytime species become less active while nocturnal creatures begin to awaken.
Visual Characteristics: Some color remains in the sky; shadows lengthen, but visibility is still good.
Duration: Approximately 30 minutes, depending on location and season.
3. Maritime Twilight: When Darkness Threatens
After civil twilight, the sun sinks further below the horizon, between 6° and 12°, entering maritime twilight. At this stage, the horizon becomes difficult to discern at sea, a time historically when sailors relied on navigational stars. Stars begin to brighten, becoming more visible against the fading light, offering a chance for stargazers.
Visual Characteristics: Soft, dim skies with visible stars; faint but distinguishable horizon.
Duration: Varies depending on location and season; often around 30 minutes.
4. Astronomical Twilight: The Last Glimmers of Daylight
During astronomical twilight, the sun is between 12 and 18° below the horizon. At this depth, sunlight is almost gone, leaving only a faint trace of light. It is the final stage before total darkness and provides ideal conditions for astronomers, as even faint celestial objects begin to appear.
Visual characteristics: The sky is dark enough to see faint stars and distant celestial objects such as nebulae and galaxies.
Duration: Also depends on the season and location; it is usually about 30 minutes.
5. Night: Total Darkness
True night begins after astronomical twilight when the sun is more than 18 degrees below the horizon. At this point, the sky reaches its deepest natural darkness, allowing us to see the night sky at its clearest. However, light pollution can significantly affect how clear this phase is to us, especially in urban areas. For many animals, this is the peak of their activity; for humans, it is an ideal opportunity to sleep and rest.
Visual characteristics: The darkest part of the night; the best time for stargazing and observing faint celestial objects.
Duration: Depends on the season and latitude. In summer, it is short, while in winter it can last for many hours.
6. Pre-Dawn Twilight: The Return of Light
As morning approaches, night returns, passing through the twilight stages in reverse order, beginning with astronomical twilight. The eastern horizon begins to brighten as the sun's rays approach again. This light marks a gradual transition for animals, allowing nocturnal creatures to return to their slumber and diurnal creatures to awaken.
Visual Characteristics: The sky gradually brightens, from darkness to light as the stars fade.
Duration: Similar to the evening stages.
7. Sunrise: The End of Night
Sunrise officially announces the end of night's darkness. The sun rises above the horizon, flooding the landscape with light and triggering a series of biological and environmental responses. For us, it is a moment of renewal and a new beginning, as daytime activities resume and night fades away.
Visual Characteristics: A gradual brightening followed by the sun's first appearance above the horizon.
The witness
We thought that the meaning in the noble verse was general about the disbelievers and that was the end of it, but the truth is that the Qur’anic wording is very precise linguistically. If you read above about the night not being entirely dark, but rather different periods, the darkest of which is before dawn, or specifically (the pitch-black darkness), then look back at the noble verse, for the verse says: that these disbelievers are as if their faces are covered with pieces of the dark night. And if an expert in astronomy read this verse, he would understand from God Almighty what we did not understand, for the night is not entirely dark, especially at its beginning at sunset and again at the rising of dawn. It seems that we must pay more attention to the Qur’anic wording linguistically than that, and God is behind the intention, and He spells out the way.
The Links
https://pixelateddad.com/blog/general/the-types-of-night-darkness-from-sunset-to-sunrise/
https://scienceinsights.org/when-is-the-darkest-time-of-night/


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